Which statement about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is accurate?

• A. FAS is the mild end of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
• B. FAS is defined as any alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
• C. FAS is a condition with no facial features.
• D. FAS is the severe end of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; features include smooth philtrum and thin upper lip.

Answer: (D)

Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. It isn’t the mild end of the spectrum, and it isn’t defined by any alcohol exposure alone. The diagnosis involves a recognizable pattern that includes distinctive facial features, growth problems, and central nervous system abnormalities. Among these facial features, a smooth philtrum (the groove under the nose) and a thin upper lip are classic signs. Because it represents the extreme end of the spectrum with these characteristic features plus growth and brain development impacts, it is accurately described as the severe form. Statements that suggest FAS is milder, or that it lacks facial features, or that it is defined by any exposure without the specific pattern, don’t fit with how FAS is identified.