What are fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and what causes them?

• A. A range of effects from prenatal alcohol exposure, including growth deficiencies, facial anomalies, and neurodevelopmental problems, caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy; no safe level is established.
• B. They are caused by genetic mutations present at birth.
• C. They are only facial anomalies due to maternal smoking.
• D. They result from exposure to alcohol after birth due to secondhand smoke.

Answer: (A)